NMR characterization of electrochemical mechanisms, kinetic limitations and degradation in rechargeable batteries Elodie Salager Laboratoire CEMHTI (Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation), CNRS UPR3079, Orléans, France Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie, CNRS FR3459, Amiens, France Batteries are essential energy-storage tools as our societies transition to using an increasing amount of energy from renewable sources. Yet, the high energy densities and fast charging rates that are needed for the most recent applications push the electrochemical systems to their limits with enhanced degradations. These must be fully characterized and understood to enable the development of the next generation of batteries. My work focuses on the understanding of battery material atomic structure and dynamics, of their electrochemical mechanisms and kinetic limitations using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). I will illustrate how we use ex situ solid-state NMR spectroscopy to help characterizing finely the structure and reactivity of electrodes and solid electrolytes for batteries. The characterization of a battery material is however only complete once its behaviour has been characterized in its functional environment and under electrochemical conditions. I will present our work in the field of in situ and operando NMR studies to characterize functional batteries, in real time. We developed innovative experimental probe designs and setups as well as specific NMR methodologiesincorporating Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and NMR spectroscopy to characterize kinetic limitations and associated degradations in full Li-ion batteries.
